The Small Town  Part 2

The Grand Duke Vytautas of GDL inhabited Karaites in Trakai after his second expedition dated 1398 to the Crimea. At that time 383 families were moved in from the Crimea. Vytautas, called by Karaites, the Just person, in Lutsk in 1388 granted all the Karaites of GDL a privilege to live free in the state. The subsequent dukes also did not force to change customs and the Karaism faith (possesses the elements of Islam and Judaism and acknowledges solely the Old Testament). Also they preserved their language, which is attributed to the kipchak group of Turkic languages, and their culture.

In the year 1440 the Grand Duke of Lithuania was elected Casimir Jogiellonian. The privilege of the Grand Duke dated 1441 specified that the Karaite community had been granted such rights as they are granted to the other towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, particularly to Vilnius, Kaunas, and Trakai i.e. such that are set forth in the Code of the Magdeburg Law. Further in the privilege was indicated that Karaites were responsible solely to their vaitas (the highest official in the city community), the latter – to the ruler or the court appointed by him. Neither voivode, nor the chief executive of the neighbourhood of Trakai, or vicegerent were entitled to poke into the Karaites’ affairs. This part of the town later was called the Small town. In the cases between Karaites and Christians a common court of vaitas and voivode is applied. This privilege together with the privileges of Alexander in December 17, 1492 and Sigismund the Old in November 23, 1507 was affirmed by GDL Duke and the King of Poland Wladislas IV in December 3,1646. The Trakai Karaites had only to pay taxes that were analogous to other Magdeburg towns. Thus, the town of Trakai embraced two communities with the separate Magdeburg rights. And this is a unique fact in the history of Lithuania.

The Karaite vaitas mentioned in the privilege at all times resided in Trakai. Later all the Lithuanian Karaites that migrated to other towns were subordinate to him.

Part 1